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Is this electric plane the future of flying?

It's the largest plane of its kind in the world, and it just flew successfully for 30 minutes. So what's the problem? Read More

(Updated on July 24, 2024)
The largest all-electric plane has just completed a half an hour flight in the United States.

The largest all-electric plane has just completed a half an hour flight in the United States.

The world’s largest all-electric plane has completed its maiden voyage, flying for 30 minutes in the skies above Washington state.

Its safe landing in Moses Lake, about 186.5 miles southeast of Seattle, is a milestone in a dream that’s been floating about since the late 1800s — air travel powered by electricity.

From two French army officers strapping batteries to an airship in 1884 to the prototypes, demonstrators and leisure craft that have been built since, it’s been a long journey.

Is this latest breakthrough a sign that the long-predicted electric revolution is finally coming in to land?

No emissions

Perhaps not quite, although the modified Cessna Grand Caravan that completed the flight is “another step on the road” to operating electric aircraft on short routes, according to Roei Ganzarski, CEO of magniX, which developed the plane’s 750-horsepower propulsion system.

The nine-seater eCaravan, which magniX developed with aerospace firm AeroTEC, used less than $6 worth of electricity for its 99-mile flight. Compare that to a conventional combustion engine, which would have used around $300 to $400 worth of fuel for the same trip.

MagniX says 5 percent of global flights are under this distance.

Electric motors are also quieter and need less maintenance than fossil fuel engines. They’re more efficient, too — turning 90 percent or more of their power into “useful work,” according to NASA. And when that power is generated cleanly, there are no carbon emissions.

MagniX says retrofitting an existing plane such as the Grand Caravan will help speed up the certification process in a heavily regulated industry, and it hopes the aircraft will be in commercial service by the end of 2021.

But there’s still one major obstacle to electric propulsion being adopted for longer journeys — batteries.

The evolution of electrical plan developments.

A long haul

Due to the low energy density of current battery technology, we’ll likely have quite a wait to see an all-electric long-haul flight.

A study in the journal Nature Energy estimates that the top lithium-ion batteries have a specific energy of about 250 watt-hours per kilogram. But to compete on routes of more than 621 miles in an airliner the size of a Boeing 737, a specific energy of 800 watt-hours per kilogram would be needed.

From that perspective, the report says, it is questionable whether all-electric aircraft will be capable of long-distance routes, such as the 3,418 miles from London to New York.

However, electric planes designed from scratch could achieve a range of about 497 miles with today’s batteries, Ganzarski told PV Magazine. With about 45 percent of flights under this distance, according to magniX, the impact of the technology still could be huge.

The number of electrically propelled aircraft developments grew by 30 percent in 2019 to more than 200 projects, according to a report from consultant Roland Berger.

That change is being driven by rapid growth in urban air mobility projects, such as urban air taxis and regional developments. MagniX, for example, has joined forces with Vancouver-based airline Harbour Air to electrify its fleet of 40 passenger seaplanes. Norway, meanwhile, has said it wants to make its short-haul flights 100 percent electric by 2040.

Major airlines are getting involved too, including Scandinavia’s SAS, which says it wants to work with Airbus to research hybrid and electric aircraft, and easyJet, developing a 186-seater electric aircraft with U.S. start-up Wright Electric that it hopes to test in 2023.

The French government also recently has pledged $1.7 billion to develop a “carbon-neutral” plane by 2035. The money is part of a $16.77 billion bailout package for the aviation industry.

Flying into the future

While the airline industry is largely grounded due to COVID-19, in normal times commercial aviation is responsible for about 2 percent of global carbon emissions. This could be set to rise — pre-pandemic projections show demand for flights doubling over the next 15 to 20 years.

Aviation industry body the IATA says that, rather than stopping flying altogether, the key to cutting its contribution to climate change is to make flying sustainable.

The sector has made progress in this area by improving fuel efficiency through enhanced aircraft design and operations, and has pledged to reduce net CO2 emissions to half 2005 levels by 2050.

The electrification of aviation could play an important role in reaching these goals.

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